The Signal · Physical Intelligence · Interactive
The robot autonomy ladder
How much supervision does a robot need? Move the controls to see the trade-off between autonomy, failure and human time. Stylised numbers for intuition only.
Model: each of 100 tasks either succeeds or needs a human. Higher autonomy means fewer routine check-ins but more costly unsupervised failures. Check-in and failure costs are illustrative minutes, not measurements of any product.
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